Replace Boost with standard library features wherever possible

For the 4.0 release, we should minimize the Boost dependency for higher portability and better compiler error messages. Here is a list of Boost libraries and what should happen with them.

No API change:

• static_assert
• cstdint
• type_traits
• mpl (should be rewritten to use standard template functionality)
• enable_if
• lexical_cast
• bind
• random
• math
• thread
• range
• chrono
• date_time
• exception
• foreach

No visible API change:

• make_shared, shared_ptr, weak_ptr, dynamic_ptr_cast (because they are imported into the walberla namespace:
• function (because implicitly convertible)

API change:

• regex
• tuple (should be changed to use variadic templates instead. Also, TypeList should use variadic templates instead of its custom boost::tuple clone)
• array, shared_array
• filesystem (use C++17 version if available, else fall back to boost)
• optional (use C++17 version if available, else fall back to boost)
• any (use C++17 version if available, else fall back to boost)

Rewrite without Boost:

• algorithm::string (replace with appropriate <algorithm>s and lambda functions)
• functional::hash
• integer
• checked_delete
• numeric::conversion::cast
• lambda::bind
• cast
• dynamic_bitset (replace with std::vector<bool>)
• logic::tribool (replace with walberla::optional<bool> or an enum)
• uuid (only used as random numbers, so just generate two 64-bit integers, set the type bits as required and print them as a hex string with dashes in the right places)
• units::detail::utility::demangle
• multi_array (replace with std::vector or even std::array with appropriate index arithmetic)

Keep:

• python
• property_tree
• graph

Finally:

• Modify the build system to make Boost an optional dependency (if std::filesystem, std::optional and std::any have been found) and disable python_coupling, config::configToBoostPropertyTree, and math::EquationSystem if Boost is not found.