Fixed demo_heat_equation notebook.

- single function to create kernel for specified target
- data type creation from string - reuse numpy functionality
- bugfixes in dot display

- loop cutting
- simplification of conditionals inside loop

Fixed a severe bug. Renamed makePythonFunction of the llvm backend.
Deleted code duplicity.

- renaming because of clashes with types.py from other packages

- sympys piecewise defined functions are mapped to blend instructions
- cast function is now a class
- several bugfixes

- first vectorization tests are running
- type system: use memoized getTypeOfExpression
- casts are done using sp.Function('cast')
- C backend adapted for vectorization support
- AST nodes can required optional headers

- support for kernels that run over walberla ghost layers

- old method produced unused variables
- old method was not deterministic in the output code i.e. ordering of
  the introduced constants
- moveConstantsBeforeLoops transformation was also not deterministic

- pystencils can create now a non-compilable kernel that can be
  analyzed by kerncraft

- periodic kernels not yet OpenMP parallel

- cache relied on uniqueness of  python id()
- id may be reused if object is freed
-> object must be held alive
-> kernel keeps all it arguments it was ever called with, alive (problematic in terms of memory consumption)

- VC 15 (2017) does not set an environment variable any more
- fallback to filesystem search

- this extension is necessary for more generic boundary treatment
- cells can now be structs, i.e. contain different data types
- instead of having numeric index dimensions, one can use the index per cell to adress struct elements

- use data type class consistently instead of strings (in TypedSymbol, Field and jit module)
- new datatype class is based on numpy types with additional specifier information (const and restrict)
- translation between data type class and other modules (numpy, ctypes)

- getShearRelaxationRate is a free function now -> works also with cumulant methods
- better error message when calling kernels with wrong or too few parameters
- entropic & incompressible is not working by default due to pdf shift -> added NotImplemented exception
- new creation function for 'raw_mrt' where all relaxation rates can be independently specified
- enhanced entropic creation funtion, supports omega output field now

- windows support
- automatic caching and creation of shared library with all generated kernels
- restrict keyword and function prefixes are preprocessor macros now -> easier to generate one code for linux, cuda, windows

- due to unordered containers  the same method could produce different but functionally equivalent code
- this behaviour is bad for caching

-> switched to ordered containers

Michael Kuron authored 8 years ago and Martin Bauer committed 8 years ago

This commit makes the Python code backwards compatible down to Python 2.7. Previously it would only run on Python 3.5 and up.

Problems fixed included:
- `time.perf_counter()` doesn't exist
- all classes need to be new-style
- `functools.lru_cache` doesn't exist
- only the last argument to a function call can be `*`-expanded
- the `nonlocal` keyword doesn't exist
- metaclasses are used with a different syntax
- `yield from` doesn't exist
- `tempdir.TemporaryDirectory` doesn't exist
- iterators need a `next()` method

- check that fixed size kernels are called with arrays of the correct size
- checks that layout of compilation matches runtime layout
- not allowed any more to mix fixed & and variable sized fields in a kernel

Move my llvm demo notebook in the correct folder

and not as a string.
Changed name of the file TypedSymbol to types.
Fixed usage of dtype accordingly, however i might not have found every
usage of dtype.